Most systems are designed to supply between 12 to 24 volts to the pump, making it essential to match the voltage of the solar panel to the requirements of the pump for efficient operation. Using an incompatible voltage can lead to inefficient water flow, pump damage, or failure to. . The pumps discussed here are primarily intended for solar-direct use at 24 Volts rather than 12 Volts. These pumps will operate at half-flow on a 12 Volt system. Solar-powered pumps run on electricity generated by photovoltaic (PV) panels or the radiated thermal energy available from collected sunlight as opposed to grid electricity- or diesel-run water pumps. Compared with the 12V system, 24V has a smaller current when transmitting the same power, lower line loss, can support longer distance. . In the United States, electric pumps come in two main voltage options: 110 volts AC and 220 volts AC. So if you. . Solar panel efficiency – Usually between 15–22%. Battery system voltage – Common values are 12V, 24V, or 48V. The calculator uses the principle of hydraulic. .