Battery-Powered AGV Scheduling and Routing Optimization with
To address this “missed charging time” problem, this paper proposes an FDTC strategy that dynamically schedules charging tasks based on vessel arrivals and battery
Because the scale of B-AGV scheduling can vary, the fluctuations in charging thresholds present new challenges to the stability of scheduling methods. Hence, integrating the FDTC strategy with enhanced Automated Container Terminal (ACT) operational planning is essential for improving efficiency.
Due to the nonlinear charging behavior of B-AGVs [5, 6], applying the FDTC strategy helps curtail inefficient charging time. Optimizing the efficient interval of battery charging during peak hours and shifting inefficient charging to off-peak periods can effectively enhance the operating time of B-AGVs.
Conclusions Addressing dynamic vessel arrivals, this paper develops a Flexible Dynamic Threshold Charging (FDTC) strategy that leverages battery charging nonlinearity to maintain B-AGV availability aligned with unloading workload fluctuations.
The multiple operations include unloading containers from the ship to the AGV via quay cranes, AGVs waiting in the buffer zone for loading and unloading, transporting containers to the designated yard locations, and moving containers in the yard via a yard crane.
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