Electricity production, consumption and market overview
More than half (63.6%) of the net electricity generated in the EU in 2023 came from non-combustible primary sources, with combustible fuels such as natural gas, coal and oil
The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. Most power stations in the world burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas to generate electricity. Low-carbon power sources include nuclear power, and use of renewables such as solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric.
At EU level, renewables make up the largest share of power generation, followed by fossil fuels and nuclear energy. The percentage of renewable energy and other types of energy used to produce power is different in each EU country.
The European Union is no longer generating electricity in the manner it did two decades ago. Nuclear-powered generation shrank to 23% of the EU's energy mix last year, down from 32% in 2000, while coal-fired generation declined to 12% from 30% over the same period.
In 2023, renewables account for the largest share of electricity generation in the EU at 35%, followed by fossil fuels at 32% and nuclear energy at 23%. The share of renewables in EU electricity generation has more than doubled since 2004, reflecting the bloc's commitment to achieving climate neutrality by 2050.
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