A critical review of battery cell balancing techniques, optimal
Due to manufacturing irregularity and different operating conditions, each serially connected cell in the battery pack may get unequal voltage or state of charge (SoC). Without
However, due to different manufacturing processes and environments, lithium-ion batteries are subject to inconsistent use, as evidenced by the differences in available capacity and state of charge (SOC) between different battery cells in the same battery pack .
Maintenance and long-term performance are critical factors in balancing lithium-ion batteries. Passive balancing systems generate heat during operation, which can strain the battery management system and reduce the overall life of the battery pack.
After performing cell balancing, each cell's SoC reaches 60 % (average SoC) which signifies that all cells have reached to same level or balanced. Therefore, SoC balancing is crucial in EV battery pack to increase the usable capacity. Fig. 3. Charge among five cells connected in series before and after SoC balancing.
Although lithium-ion battery energy storage systems are favored for their excellent performance, the large number of batteries connected in series and parallel may lead to inconsistent battery packs, which can cause system problems. Therefore, battery equalization techniques should be employed.
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