Nicosia 5g base station equipped with energy storage
The power consumption of 5G base stations will increase by 3-4 times compared with 4G base stations [1,2],significantly increasing the energy storage capacity configured in 5G base stations.
The limited penetration capability of millimeter waves necessitates the deployment of significantly more 5G base stations (the next generation Node B, gNB) than their 4G counterparts to ensure network coverage . Notably, the power consumption of a gNB is very high, up to 3–4 times of the power consumption of a 4G base stations (BSs).
On the one hand, 5G network operators are highly motivated to cooperate with the power system in energy matters, given that the numerous gNBs with their high energy consumption result in significant electricity bills that can be troublesome for the operators, .
The 5G network plane consists of three layers: 5G-CN, 5G-TN, and 5G-RAN. The servers in 5G-CN operate as a centralized controller while 5G-TN is responsible for the bi-directional transmission of information. In 5G-RAN, the gNB systems within designated areas are combined into gNBs-clusters by aggregators.
The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, characterized by variable and uncertain production patterns, has created an urgent need for enhanced flexibility in the frequency control of power systems. In parallel, the deployment of 5th-generation mobile network (5G) infrastructures has rapidly expanded in recent years.
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