Timor-Leste and renewable energy | Research Starters
The country ranks among the lowest in the world for energy consumption per capita, with a majority of the population living in rural areas lacking access to electricity.
In 2022, its electricity consumption was 414.76 million kilowatt-hours. Imported fossil fuels are the primary source of energy for the country, but access to this energy is highly uneven. A majority of East Timorese live in rugged mountainous areas, and only 5 percent of these households are connected to the electricity grid.
Timor-Leste consumes 125 GWh of electricity per annum, an average of 95 kWh per person. The country has about 270 MW of electricity capacity, 119 MW in the city of Hera. Most of the energy infrastructure was destroyed by the Indonesian militias during the 1999 East Timorese crisis.
Overall, Timor-Leste's HDI has shown little improvement since 2010, while electricity access doubled to 100 %. The effects of improved electricity access on development outcomes appear less than observed internationally. Fig. 3. Timor-Leste's HDI component indices 2000–2021.
Since attaining full independence from Indonesia in 2002, East Timor has struggled to rebuild its war-damaged infrastructure, of which that supporting its national energy sector is key.
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