Gas Venting Techniques in EV Battery During Thermal Runaway
When lithium-ion battery cells experience thermal runaway, they can release gases at temperatures exceeding 600°C, with pressure buildups reaching 200 kPa and gas
Although not always a guaranteed precursor to thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, off-gassing events typically occur early in their failure. Thermal runaway occurs when a battery undergoes uncontrolled heating, leading to a rapid increase in temperature and pressure within the cell.
It is common knowledge that lead-acid batteries release hydrogen gas that can be potentially explosive. The battery rooms must be adequately ventilated to prohibit the build-up of hydrogen gas. During normal operations, off gassing of the batteries is relatively small.
Off-gas refers to the release of gases from a lithium-ion cell under stress. It occurs during conditions like: Chemical reactions inside the battery break down electrolyte and electrode materials, releasing gas before any visible fire. This “venting” stage is known as off-gassing. What Gases Are Released?
This release is often caused by overcharging which can leading to thermal runaway—a self-sustaining rise in temperature that can increase hydrogen emission from the battery. VLA and Ni-Cad batteries are characterized as gassing batteries by their ability to vent gases produced during charging.
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