Italy has taken a major step forward in its energy transition efforts, giving the green light to 361 MW of new battery energy storage systems (BESS) spread across three regions—Lazio, Puglia, and Sardinia. . According to Terna, Italy now has over 41GW of operational solar capacity, with around 4GW located in Puglia, and significant volumes also in Lazio and northern Italy, including almost 6GW in Lombardy. Puglia is also the leading region for wind generation, with approximately 4GW currently. . This report is part of a series that analyses the battery storage market in select European countries. Italy is the most interesting European battery market, followed by Great Britain and Germany, according to a report. .
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Non-lithium battery alternatives, such as vanadium flow, non-vanadium flow, and sodium-ion batteries, offer scalable, safer, and more cost-effective solutions for stationary energy storage, despite trade-offs like higher upfront costs or lower energy density. . While lithium-ion batteries dominate the energy storage market due to their high energy density and fast charging, concerns about thermal runaway and fire risk have prompted exploration of safer alternatives. Energy density refers to the amount of energy a battery can store per unit weight or volume. Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO₄, LFP) batteries, with their triple advantages of enhanced safety, extended cycle life, and lower costs, are displacing traditional ternary lithium batteries as. . While several lithium-based technologies have served the industry over the past decade, lithium iron phosphate batteries for solar storage now power a substantial portion of new stationary installations. Market data from late 2025 shows that LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) has captured approximately. .
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As one industry review notes that liquid-based cooling for EV batteries is the technology of choice, which is rapidly taking over from forced-air cooling, as energy and power densities increase. For smaller systems, air cooling remains cost-effective. Thermal management directly influences regulatory compliance. Thus. . Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are essential for storing energy and ensuring its availability when needed. . Regardless of the method, effective cooling maintains cell consistency, reduces thermal runaway risks, and extends battery lifespan. Air cooling requires air conditioners/fans, while liquid cooling necessitates pumps and cooling circuits. Both consume electricity to sustain thermal management. But their performance, operational cost, and risk profiles differ significantly.
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